In this article,
- Where And How You Will Be Using the Two-Way Radio?
- What type of range do you need?
- Do you need to utilize multiple bands?
- Do you require LTE?
- Do you need Encryption?
- Do you need a FCC License?
- What frequencies will you be using?
- Do you need a VHF handheld or VHF Mobile Two-Way Radios? Or both?
- Do you already have infrastructure i.e. a radio system in place?
- What features do you need with your radio?
- What Two-way radio accessories do you need to optimize your radios performance?
- What is your budget? How features influence pricing.
Radios vs Cell Phones
VHF Two-way radio’s can be a wise choice to improve your teams’ communications. The primary advantages these high-powered radios offer over cell phones includes but is not limited to:
- The ability to instantly connect to multiple people simultaneously
- The ability to maintain secure encrypted communications
- The backbone infrastructure VHF Two-Way Radio operates on has historically proven to be more reliable in the event of a natural disaster.
Where and how you will be using the VHF Two-Way Radio?
The type of environment you will be using the radio in is instrumental in ensuring you select the right type of two-way radio. Here are some key factors to consider during the selection process:
FCC Frequencies
Are you purchasing the radio to be used on an existing two-way radio system? If yes, do you know if your department even uses VHF Frequencies? The easiest way to make this determination is by taking the battery off your radio and doing a quick google search of the model number below is a example.
Alternatively, you could ask a representative from your agencies radio shop. If you are purchasing a two way radio for the first time you need to determine if a VHF radio is the best option.
Indoor vs. Outdoor
Will you be using the radio’s indoor or outside this is important since VHF radios typically perform better outside since their electromagnetic waves are longer. These long waves travel further if they are not disrupted by barriers.
Range
We get this question a lot how far will my radio communicate? This is a complex question that really depends on a ton factors. First if you do not intend on using existing infrastructure, or buying and installing new equipment that increases range like repeaters, towers, controllers, etc, the range works out to be 1-2 miles. A VHF repeater system can extend the range line of sight up to 80 miles. Again this is not a one answer fits all question.
Single Band, Or Dual Band
Two-way radio manufactures typically offer single band or dual band radios. Most business radios operate on single band like VHF, or UHF examples would include the MOTOTRBO radios, or Harris L3 XG-25, or the Kenwood NX-3200.
LTE In Two-Way Radios
This has become a trending feature in newer complex two-way radios. Radio manufacturers have added slots for sim cards allowing users access to cellular infrastructure expanding coverage outside of limited radio system coverage. This is only needed if you want to use the radio outside of your radio system coverage area.
Do you need Encryption
Unless you work within the government or in a public safety environment, or in a position where secrecy is of importance the feature of encryption is most likely not needed.
Do you need an FCC license
This depends on a few factors like the wattage of the radio and how the radio will be operated. If you are purchasing the radio to be used on an existing radio system mostly like your company or agency has a license. You can check the FCC website to see if a license is active. In the event you need a new license you can learn more about FCC license type .
What frequencies will you be using
VHF frequencies are divided into two bands: Low VHF (136-174MHZ) and High VHF (174-220Mhz). However, the most commonly used frequencies for two way radio communications are within the low band.
Here's a list of common VHF frequencies used for various purposes:
Marine VHF (156-162 MHz)
Channels 1-12: Designated for marine communication, including emergencies, harbor operations, and recreational boating.
Channel 16: International distress, safety, and calling channel.
Channels 13-15: Reserved for future use.
General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) and Family Radio Service (FRS) (151-174 MHz)
Channels 15-22: GMRS channels.
Channels 1-7 and 35-40: Shared FRS/GMRS channels.
Business and Commercial VHF (136-174 MHz)
Various channels: Assigned by the FCC for specific industries or applications, such as taxi dispatch, construction site coordination, or security operations.
Other VHF Frequencies
Amateur Radio: Used by amateur radio operators for various purposes, including communication, experimentation, and emergency preparedness.
Public Safety: Used by police, fire, and emergency medical services.
Government Agencies: Used by various government agencies, including military, law enforcement, and regulatory bodies.
Do You Need a Handheld Radio or a Mobile Radio?
When choosing between a handheld radio and a mobile radio, it is important to consider your specific needs and usage environment. If you need a portable radio that can be used in a variety of situations, a handheld radio may be the best option. If you need a radio with longer range and higher power output, a mobile radio may be a better choice.
Handheld Radios
These are portable and easy to carry, making them ideal for individuals on the move or in situations where mobility is essential. Handheld radios typically have lower power output and shorter range compared to mobile radios.
They are typically used by:
Construction workers: Handheld radios are essential for communication between workers on construction sites.
Outdoor enthusiasts: Hikers, campers, and other outdoor enthusiasts use handheld radios to stay in touch with their group and to call for help in case of an emergency.
Public safety personnel: Police officers, firefighters, and paramedics often use handheld radios for communication with dispatch centers and other first responders.
Retail and hospitality staff: Handheld radios are used by retail and hospitality staff to communicate with customers, managers, and other staff members.
Advantages of handheld radios
Portability: Handheld radios are easy to carry and can be used anywhere.
Cost: Handheld radios are generally less expensive than mobile radios.
Versatility: Handheld radios can be used in a variety of situations, from construction sites to hiking trails.
Disadvantages of handheld radios
Limited range: Handheld radios typically have a shorter range than mobile radios.
Smaller battery: Handheld radios have smaller batteries, which may limit their operating time.
Less durable: Handheld radios may not be as durable as mobile radios, especially if they are dropped or exposed to harsh conditions.
Mobile Radios
These are installed in vehicles and have higher power output, longer range, and better audio quality. Mobile radios are suitable for applications where communication is primarily from within a vehicle, such as fleets, dispatch centers, or public safety vehicles.
They are typically used by:
Fleets: Trucking companies, taxi services, and delivery fleets use mobile radios to communicate with dispatch centers and drivers.
Public safety agencies: Police departments, fire departments, and emergency medical services use mobile radios for communication between vehicles and dispatch centers.
Businesses: Businesses with large fleets of vehicles or operations that cover a wide area may use mobile radios for communication.
Advantages of mobile radios
Longer range: Mobile radios have a longer range than handheld radios, making them ideal for communication over large distances.
Higher power output: Mobile radios have higher power output, which allows them to penetrate through obstacles and provide clearer audio.
Durability: Mobile radios are typically more durable than handheld radios, as they are designed to be used in vehicles.
Disadvantages of mobile radios
Less portable: Mobile radios cannot be used outside of a vehicle.
Higher cost: Mobile radios are generally more expensive than handheld radios.
Installation: Mobile radios require professional installation in a vehicle.
Infrastructure Requirements for VHF Two-Way Radio Systems
The specific infrastructure requirements for a VHF two-way radio system will vary depending on the size and complexity of the system, as well as the specific needs of the users. However, by carefully planning and implementing the necessary infrastructure, you can ensure that your radio system operates reliably and efficiently.
Antennas: Antennas are used to transmit and receive radio signals. The type and placement of antennas will depend on the specific requirements of the system, such as the desired range and coverage area.
Repeaters: Repeaters are used to extend the range of a radio system by amplifying and retransmitting signals. Repeaters are typically located in high-elevation areas or on tall buildings to provide maximum coverage.
Controllers: Controllers are used to manage the flow of communication within a radio system. They handle call setups, channel assignments, and other administrative tasks.
Gateways: Gateways are used to connect a radio system to other communication networks, such as cellular networks or computer networks. Gateways can be used to enable features such as text messaging, GPS tracking, and integration with other applications.
What Features Will You Need?
VHF radios come with a variety of features that can enhance their functionality and user experience. Here are some key considerations:
Digital vs. Analog: Analog radios have been the traditional standard, but digital radios offer clearer audio, improved range, and better privacy with features like digital encryption.
Privacy Codes (CTCSS/DCS): These codes allow you to block out unwanted conversations on your chosen channel by using subaudible tones.
P25 (Project 25): This digital communication standard offers enhanced features like interoperability with other P25 radios from different manufacturers and improved security options.
Encryption: Scrambling or encryption features can be crucial for confidential communication, especially in industries like security or law enforcement. Encryption standards like FIPS 140-2 compliance may be required by some regulations.
GPS: Integrated GPS functionality allows location tracking of radio users, which can be valuable for dispatching personnel or coordinating operations.
Trunking: Trunking systems enable multiple users to share a limited number of channels efficiently, reducing congestion and improving communication reliability. This is particularly useful in high-traffic environments like public safety or large businesses.
Number of Talk Groups or Channels: Determine the number of talk groups or channels you need to set up for different communication needs. Some radios have a fixed number of channels, while others offer expandable options.
Battery Life: Consider the battery life of the radio, especially if you'll be using it for extended periods without access to a power source. Some radios have rechargeable batteries, while others use disposable ones.
Additional Features: Some radios may offer additional features like voice activation, text messaging, or integration with other communication systems. Consider if these features are important for your specific needs.
VHF Radio Accessories: Essential Components for Optimal Performance
To enhance the functionality and usability of your VHF two-way radio, consider investing in the following accessories:
Antennas: Different antennas can be used to improve range, directionality, or performance in specific environments. For example, a high-gain antenna can increase range in areas with poor signal coverage, while a directional antenna can focus the signal in a specific direction.
Batteries: Additional batteries or high-capacity batteries can extend the operating time of the radio, especially if you'll be using it for extended periods without access to a power source. Consider the battery type (rechargeable or disposable) and the charging options available.
Chargers: Various charging options are available, including vehicle chargers, desktop chargers, and solar chargers. Choose a charger that is compatible with your radio's battery type and meets your charging needs.
Headsets: Headsets can provide hands-free communication and improve audio quality in noisy environments. Choose a headset that is comfortable and compatible with your radio.
Mounting Kits: Mounting kits can be used to securely attach mobile radios to vehicles or other surfaces. This can be useful for fleet vehicles, public safety vehicles, or fixed installations.
Price Ranges
VHF radios can range in price from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars. The specific price range will depend on the factors mentioned above. Here's a general breakdown:
Entry-level radios: These are typically analog radios with basic features and a lower price point. They are suitable for personal use or small businesses with limited communication needs.
Mid-range radios: Mid-range radios offer a balance of features and price. They may include digital capabilities, GPS, and basic encryption.
High-end radios: High-end radios are designed for demanding applications and offer advanced features like trunking, advanced encryption, and rugged durability. They are often used by public safety agencies, large businesses, and organizations with critical communication needs.
Choosing the Right VHF Two-Way Radio
Selecting the right VHF two-way radio involves careful consideration of your specific needs, budget, and regulatory requirements. Remember to prioritize features that are essential for your communication needs, compare prices from different vendors, and consider the long-term value of the radio. With the right choice, a VHF radio can be an asset for your personal or professional life. By understanding the factors discussed in this article, you can make an informed decision and choose a radio that effectively meets your communication needs
